Linux – Operating System
Introduction:
Linux is a free and open-source operating system (OS). It is based on the Unix operating system.
It was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 as a project that later gained fame. The Linux is built in a modular way which makes every part of the Linux to be handled or modified separately.
Features:
1. Open source : It is an open source operating system, which means that its source code is freely available and can be modified and distributed by anyone.
2. Stability and reliability: The Linux system is able to run for long periods of time without crashing or experiencing errors and has the ability to perform consistently over time.
3. Flexibility and customization: Linux is highly customizable, which enables user or organizations to meet their special or unique requirements.
4. Multi-user environment: It has built-in features to support multiple users and protect user data from unauthorized access.
5. Powerful Command Line Interface: The Linux command-line interface allows users to execute a wide range of commands and scripts to interact with the operating system and perform various tasks.
Advantages:
1. Cost: Linux is free and open-source, so users don’t have to pay for licenses or fees to use it.
2. Stability: Linux is known for its stability and reliability, with fewer crashes or system failures than other operating systems.
3. Security: Linux is known for its strong security features, including built-in firewalls and access controls, and a reputation for being less vulnerable to malware and viruses than other operating systems.
4. Compatibility: Linux is compatible with a wide range of hardware and software, and can support variety of file system.
5. Performance: Linux is known for its high performance, with fast boot times, efficient resource management.
Disadvantages:
1. Learning: It can be a challenge for users who are not familiar with command-line interfaces or the Linux file system structure.
2. Software Compatibility: Some popular software programs may not be available for Linux or may require additional setup and configuration to work properly.
3. Gaming: Many popular games are not available for Linux, but compatibility with some few games.
4. User Adoption: A software that works perfectly on one Linux distribution, it may not work properly on another distribution because it may use different libraries or configurations. Additionally, Since, there are so many different Linux distributions to choose from, it can be difficult for users to decide which one to use.
Linux Family/Distributions:
Linux family refers to the various distributions, or “distros,” of the Linux operating system that are derived from the original Linux kernel. These distributions typically include a collection of software packages and a user interface designed to meet specific needs or use cases.
1. Debian-based: These distributions, such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint, are based on the Debian operating system that are Beginner-friendly for desktop use.
2. Red Hat-based: These distributions, such as Fedora and CentOS, are based on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system for mostly server use, particularly for web hosting, database management, and cloud computing.
3. Arch-based: These distributions, such as Arch Linux and Manjaro, are designed to be lightweight and highly customizable.
4. Slackware-based: These distributions, such as Slackware and Zenwalk, are known for their simplicity and stability making them Lightweight with focus on multimedia and gaming.
Differences Between Windows And Linux:
1. Licensing: Windows is a proprietary operating system and requires users to purchase a license to use it, while Linux is open source and free to use.
2. User Interface: Windows has a graphical user interface (GUI) that is more user-friendly and familiar to most users, while Linux is often seen as more command-line driven and requires a bit more technical expertise.
3. Security: Linux is known for its robust security features, while Windows has been historically more vulnerable to viruses and malware.
4. Customization: Linux is highly customizable, with the ability to modify and tweak almost every aspect of the operating system, while Windows has limited customization options.
5. System Requirements: Linux generally requires less hardware resources and can run on older or less powerful hardware, while newer versions of Windows may require more powerful hardware to run smoothly.
Some commands of linux:
1. ls: Lists the files and directories in the current directory.
2. cd: Changes the current working directory.
3. mkdir: Creates a new directory.
4. rm: Removes (deletes) a file or directory.
5. cp: Copies a file from one location to another.
6. mv: Moves a file from one location to another.
7. sudo: Runs a command with superuser (administrative) privileges.
8. grep: Searches for a specific text pattern in a file or output.
9. chmod: Changes the permissions of a file or directory.
10. tar: Creates or extracts files from a compressed archive.
Learn more about linux: https://www.linux.com/what-is-linux/